CIRCLES

The group consists of some 70 circles placed in an N-SW direction with respect to the hill on which it stands, on a strip of around 230 metres (N-S) by approximately 100 metres (E-W). The monuments are located in three places. Drawing 1, indicates the group as a whole, while drawing 2 and 3 show the subgroups separated by a discontinuous line. According to my estimates during a first working hypothesis, as said above, there are three subgroups: the one furthest north and highest, related to Arcturus and the north, and the stars linked to both; the one in the centre, connected to Fomalhaut —Ku— and the stars under its influence, and the one furthest south and lowest related to Sirius —Ur/Or— and its stars.The groups have been given the name of the star which would seem to preside over them, i.e. the one furthest north, Unai/Unain = Boötes, represented by its alpha, Arcturus, shown in drawing 1 with the letter U, just as the circles under its domination are indicated with a lower case u followed by the correlative numeral in order from north to south and east to west. Based on these criteria, the biggest circle of the northern subgroup is Un, On-ain, ‘Lord of the Heights’ or similar —in any case, in the Basque language, Unain = Boötes—, α Boötes, Arcturus, which the British Museum’s Mul-Apin tablet nº 86378 names Shupa and places on the path of Enlil, identifying it with the god of the same name. The α Boötes is accompanied by another 18 circles, coming to a total of 19 monuments. Arcturus and the circles ranging from u12 to u18, both inclusive, now lay bare inside a fence and open to the inclemencies of time as the result of careless excavation.

The said northern or sub-group 1, excluding the occasional circle such as U, is difficult to specify. I have indicated 19 stone circles from this group on drawing 2. However, although some of them are of difficult and unfinished definition, their temporal absence has absolutely no effect on my knowledge of the meaning of the group and the astronomic circle/star comparison. This northern subgroup, standing higher up on the ground, spreads out in indisputable N-S orientation over an area of 85 metres. The circles drawn from u1 to u7, both inclusive, are relatively untrustworthy, having been schematized and measured on two occasions during the numerous times that I worked in the area from May 2001 until October 2002, with varying results. Having already learned the supposed meaning of the group, I made a new revision of these circles with similar results on 29-30 April 2003. Although the subgroup is in very poor condition, the facts as a whole would seem to indicate that the solution advanced is correct. Circle u4, today of extremely complicated and deceptive definition, has already been marked in with a discontinuous line, as has the former u5, the precision of which is clearer given that its stones mark out the two presumed secant circles, which, on closer observation, fit in perfectly with the solution found; however, the condition of these circles as such is so poor that I have also drawn them in place with a discontinuous line, as is the case of u6, which, while obvious, is difficult to define. I have omitted a number of doubtful circles from the drawing presented in the hope that their definitive precision will be possible, given their current poor condition, after slight excavation. This said, the drawing in question is accepted as it is given that its astronomic meaning, as argued at the moment in time, seems impossible to change. In this subgroup, given its significance, there are presumably more circles representing stars than were indicated in the provisional solution. In drawing 2, I have left a number of circles corresponding to subgroup Ku, meaning that drawing 1 and 2, can be easily joined together, giving an overall idea of the totality of the group which, on the other hand, figures as a whole in drawing 3 , made out to an approximate scale of 1:1000.

In the centre or subgroup 2 —drawing 3—, shown alongside number 3, I have indicated all of the circles preceded by the letter k, in view of the star/circle presiding over it and giving its name to the subgroup: Fomalhaut, α Piscis Austrinus, Ku the fish, and first star on the Path of Ea according to the Mul-Apin tablets, known with the same name in the Pyrenees, and with plausible credibility, in a good part of the Iberian peninsula, where it also appears with its other Sumerian name, Ha —Mul-Ha-cen? Ku, a star of low, short flight to the south, was taken strongly into account when indicating limits in this direction as demonstrated by the groups of stone circles which, on the border with Navarre, may well have given its name to the province of Gipuzkoa, of which I talked in the work: From North to South along the Path of Fomalhaut and Deneb Kaitos, part of the second instalment of www.cromlechpyrene.com , and, from here, from The Crown, looks southwards to the mountain and land underlining the southern culmination of Ku, ‘La Faja de Agüerri’, ‘Punta de la Cuta’ and the area of Huesca marked by the flight of Ku— which, due to the torrent of analogies framing the Psc, Ku-escas, in Huesca, present harmonious credentials. The circle representing Ku in drawing 2, is indicated with the letter K. A third look on the dates indicated has shown that subgroup Ku is sufficiently well defined to be astronomically interpreted; the subgroup, in addition to Ku, consists of another fourteen circle/stars, up to a total of 15, excluding another one left cultivating, as the famous prospector of megalithic monuments Francisco Ondarra would say, marked with ‘k1?’ and appearing with a dotted line on the drawing.

This subgroup Ku stands on the hillside below Un, while subgroup Or is even lower and further south —drawing 1—, meaning that all three are on different levels, with the particularity that, being on a slope towards the north, each group limits the northern horizon of the group following it, serving as an adjacent screen making it possible to establish references with a number of circumpolar stars related to the Pole of the period. This subgroup, despite the first poor impression to the profane eye, is well preserved, conceptually constituting the expression of a human realization of the highest magnitude, and therefore reflecting a very much deeper knowledge than that commonly attributed to the period.

Subgroup 3, the lowest and furthest south of the group, apart from drawing 1, is also illustrated in drawing 3. It is presided over by Sirius, α the Canis Major, the brightest star on the firmament and circle of greatest diameter in the group, Or, dog in the Basque dialect of the La Soule region, according to Plácido Múgica’s Basque-Castilian Dictionary, and Ur, dog in Sumerian, according to the Sumerian Lexicon, Version 3.0 by John A. Halloran, located at www.sumerian.org. Or, indicated on the drawing with the letter O, is accompanied by at least another 25 circles, preceded on this occasion by the letter o, meaning that with the letter O they come to a total of 26, to which we have to add another four drawn with a discontinuous line. This group, schematized like the previous ones for the work presented in the month of February 2003, is the one which changes most after the prospecting carried out towards the end of April 2003, given that the undergrowth made it impossible to see the ground at the height of circles o3-o4 and o8. Having cleared the undergrowth and better studied the subgroup, I have sketched a new series of drawings on which, for reasons of personal coherence, I have maintained the original numbering. I have made modifications in the area, dirty with undergrowth, and suffering from various poorly defined areas drawn with a discontinuous line; thus, circle o3n —n, from new— previously specifically defined with a small circle denominated o3, and after having detected in its area the possible existence of another two small circles on 29-04-2003, has been left on the drawing with a discontinuous line. Personally, in the ever-increasing soliloquy of my work, I oblige myself to remember that it is better, more exact and useful to leave a drawing without circles than to add the most subjective, the least precise and the most doubtful. Hence, as a general rule, I prefer when dealing with large groups not to enter the doubtful ones, only entering with a discontinuous line those which are imprecise but obvious, preferring to leave the subjective ones on stand by. Thus, o3n belonged to the single subjective-doubtful-imprecise category being on stand by and studied and left to one side for a personal decision I will not explain here. When talking about poorly defined circles, the subject becomes subjective, meaning that, with no need for outside discrepancies, I change, improve the qualifications of my opinion from one day to the next; hence, circle n1 only seems to exist in its southern part; o7, o8 and o16, while obvious, change definition depending on the angle from which you look at them; n2 and n3 are fickle, without much of a basis, adding nothing to the understanding of this study, but they seem to be there and there is no point in adding and removing circles to suit the whims of interpretation. Thus, having explained these exceptions, I leave all of these circles to one side, not before first of all saying that, if one day I were to enter an argument on the interpretation of a group, it would have to be based on the agreement of its presumed schema: the location of the circles, their diameters, the position of the witnesses, etc. The astronomical interpretation of the group would come later. The absence of interlocutors makes it necessary to make this kind of reflection which, while disputable, given the often poor condition of the groups, is the starting point for the astronomical interpretations I have now been proposing for almost two decades.

And, finally, I wrote in February 2003, to the S2, at some 250º and a distance of around 20-25 metres from circle O, that there must have been more stone circles, not yet drawn, on the sloping hillside, in poor condition and poorly defined, but the existence and more specifically definition of which will create no problems when locating them astronomically, given that all of the circles on The Crowns, despite certain doubts and the poor definition of their circles, correspond to a coherent astronomical criterion. Therefore, any new circles potentially appearing after a clearing of the site or its better research will respond to the same astronomical criteria and will serve as a compliment to the comparisons set out below.

top